What is In Vitro Fertilization?

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process where sperm and an egg are joined together outside of the body to create an embryo. The embryo can then be inserted into a mother's womb.

Fallopian Tube, Ovary, and Uterus © 2009 Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

IVF is done to help a woman become pregnant when there is difficulty becoming pregnant naturally.

It is most often done when infertility is due to:

• Damaged fallopian tubes
• Ovulation disorders
• Cervical factors
• Male factors, such as low sperm count or poor-quality sperm

Possible Complications

If you are planning to have IVF, your doctor will review a list of possible complications, which may include:

• Still not being able to become pregnant—Older women (over age 40) are less likely to conceive and carry to term.
• Having multiple babies
• Ectopic pregnancy (embryo develops outside the uterus)
• Anesthesia-related problems
• Short- and long-term adverse effects from fertility drugs
• Ovarian rupture (rare)

Call Your Doctor

After arriving home, contact your doctor if any of the following occurs:

• Signs of infection, including fever and chills
• Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
• Vaginal bleeding
• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, or severe nausea or vomiting
• Any unusual...