Find us on Social Media:

Share

Exercise Contributions by sshowalter

Article Revisions

In one well-designed study, 2 months of chiropractic spinal manipulation and exercise therapy were studied, with chiropractic spinal manipulation proving to be marginally more effective than massage therapy.41

One study found that exercise (along with education) appear appears to enhance the effectiveness of massage when used as a treatment for low back pain and sciatica. In a review of 13 randomized trials, researchers concluded that massage may be effective for nonspecific low back pain, and the beneficial effects can last for up to 1 year in patients suffering from chronic pain.77

A subsequent controlled trial involving 579 patients with chronic or recurrent low back pain found that Alexander technique lessons, particularly when combined with exercise, was more effective than normal care or massage after one year.78

Both spinal manipulation and exercise have shown to help [prolotherapy][5] be more effective than control treatments.81

... (more)

The theory behind exercise for back pain and sciatica treatment is that the more flexible are the muscles in the back, the less pain the back will have. Also, when muscles that support back muscles are strong, the actual muscles in the back will now not have to work as hard, and thus be less susceptible to pain. Though exercise hasn't been extensively studied individually for it's effectiveness as a treatment for low back pain and sciatica, it has been studied in conjunction with other therapies such as chiropractic care, massage, and prolotherapy.

... (more)

The human body was designed to use its physical capacities yet many of us have become sedentary. Not only does this have major effects on our weight and body mass index, but our muscles themselves, when unused, become weak and unable to function well. So, while decreasing strenuous exercise does have some benefits, such as reducing injuries, it this decrease also presents major drawbacks.

Increasing strength and flexibility through exercise can be an extremely effective treatment for low back pain and sciatica.

... (more)
  1. Clinical Practice Guideline Number 14: Acute Low Back Problems in Adults. Rockville, Md: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, US Dept of Health and Human Services; 1994. AHCPR publication 95-0642.
  1. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons website. Available at: http://www.orthoinfo.aaos.org. Accessed November 20, 2000.
  1. Carey TS, Garrett J, Jackman A, et al. The outcomes and costs of care for acute low back pain among patients seen by primary care practitioners, chiropractors, and orthopedic surgeons. The North Carolina Back Pain Project. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:913-917.
  1. Kendrick D, Fielding K, Bentley E, et al. Radiography of the lumbar spine in primary care patients with low back pain: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2001;322:400-405.
  1. Chrubasik S, Eisenberg E, Balan E, et al. Treatment of low back pain exacerbations with willow bark extract: a randomized double-blind study. Am J Med. 2000;109:9-14.
  1. Hauser RA. Punishing the pain. Treating chronic pain with prolotherapy. Rehab Manag. 1999;12:26-28.
  1. Liu YK, Tipton CM, Matthes RD, et al. An in situ study of the influence of a sclerosing solution in rabbit medial collateral ligaments and its junction strength. Connect Tissue Res. 1983;11:95-102.
  1. Reeves KD. Prolotherapy: present and future applications in soft tissue pain and disability. Phys Med Rehab Clin North Am. 1995;6:917-926.
  1. Ongley MJ, Klein RG, Dorman TA, et al. A new approach to the treatment of chronic low back pain. Lancet. 1987;2:143-146.
  1. Klein RG, Eek BC, DeLong WB, et al. A randomized double-blind trial of dextrose-glycerine-phenol injections for chronic, low back pain. J Spinal Disord. 1993;6:23-33.
  1. Franke A, Gebauer S, Franke K, et al. Acupuncture massage vs Swedish massage and individual exercise vs group exercise in low back pain sufferers—a randomized controlled clinical trial in a 2×2 factorial design [in German; English abstract]. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2000;7:286-293.
  1. Koes BW, Assendelft WJ, van der Heijden GJ, et al. Spinal manipulation for low back pain. An updated systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Spine. 1996;21:2860-2873.
  1. Glover JR, Morris JG, Khosla T. Back pain: a randomized clinical trial of rotational manipulation of the trunk. Br J Ind Med. 1974;31:59-64.
  1. Triano JJ, McGregor M, Hondras MA, et al. Manipulative therapy versus education programs in chronic low back pain. Spine. 1995;20:948-955.
  1. Koes BW, Assendelft WJ, van der Heijden GJ, et al. Spinal manipulation for low back pain. An updated systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Spine. 1996;21:2860-2873.
  1. Leibing E, Leonhardt U, Koster G, et al. Acupuncture treatment of chronic low-back pain—a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial with 9-month follow-up. Pain. 2002;96:189-196.
  1. Newswanger DL, Patel AT, Ogle A. Osteopathic medicine in the treatment of low back pain. Am Fam Physician. 2000;62:2414-2415.
  1. Nielson WR, Weir R. Biopsychosocial approaches to the treatment of chronic pain. Clin J Pain. 2001;17:S114-127.
  1. Hoehler FK, Tobis JS, Buerger AA. Spinal manipulation for low back pain. JAMA. 1981;245:1835-1838.
  1. Pope MH, Phillips RB, Haugh LD, et al. A prospective randomized three-week trial of spinal manipulation, transcutaneous muscle stimulation, massage and corset in the treatment of subacute low back pain. Spine. 1994;19:2571-2577.
  1. Hadler NM, Curtis P, Gillings DB, et al. A benefit of spinal manipulation as adjunctive therapy for acute low back pain: a stratified controlled trial. Spine. 1987;12:702-706.
  1. Cherkin DC, Deyo RA, Battie M, et al. A comparison of physical therapy, chiropractic manipulation, and provision of an educational booklet for the treatment of patients with low back pain. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1021-1029.
  1. Shekelle PG, Adams AH, Chassin MR, et al. Spinal manipulation for low back pain. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117:590-598.
  1. Gobel H, Heinze A, Ingwersen M, et al. Effects of Harpagophytum procumbens LI 174 (devil's claw) on sensory, motor and vascular muscle reagibility in the treatment of unspecific back pain. Schmerz. 2001;15:10-18.
  1. Cherkin DC, Eisenberg D, Sherman KJ, et al. Randomized trial comparing traditional chinese medical acupuncture, therapeutic massage, and self-care education for chronic low back pain. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:1081-1088.
  1. Mendelson G, Selwood TS, Kranz H, et al. Acupuncture treatment of chronic back pain. A double-blind placebo controlled trial. Am J Med. 1983;747:49-55.
  1. Edelist G, Gross AE, Langer F. Treatment of low back pain with acupuncture. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1976;23:303-306.
  1. Baxter GD, Kerr DP, Walsh DM. Acupuncture in the management of chronic low back pain: a blinded randomised controlled trial [abstract]. FACT. 2001;6:70-71.
  1. Duplan B, Cabanel G, Piton JL, et al. Acupuncture st lombosciatique a la phase aigue. Semin Hop Paris. 1983;59:310-3114. Cited by: Ernst E, White AR. Acupuncture for back pain. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:2235-2241.
  1. Grant DJ, Bishop-Miller J, Winchester DM, et al. A randomized comparative trial of acupuncture versus transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for chronic back pain in the elderly. Pain. 1999;82:9-13.
  1. Laitinen J. Acupuncture and transcutaneous electric stimulation in the treatment of chronic sacrolumbagia and ischialgia. Am J Chin Med. 1976;4:169-175.
  1. Giles LG, Muller R. Chronic spinal pain syndromes: a clinical pilot trial comparing acupuncture, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and spinal manipulation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1999;22:376-381.
  1. Ernst E, White AR. Acupuncture for back pain. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:2235-2241.
  1. Wedenberg K, Moen B, Norling A. A prospective randomized study comparing acupuncture with physiotherapy for low-back and pelvic pain in pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2000;79:331-335.
  1. Chrubasik S, Junck H, Breitschwerdt H, et al. Effectiveness of Harpagophytum extract WS 1531 in the treatment of exacerbation of low back pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1999;16:118-129.
  1. Chrubasik S, Zimpfer CH, Schutt U, et al. Effectiveness of Harpagophytum procumbens in treatment of acute low back pain. Phytomedicine. 1996;3:1-10.
  1. Andersson GB, Lucente T, Davis AM, et al. A comparison of osteopathic spinal manipulation with standard care for patients with low back pain. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1426-1431.
  1. Aure OF, Hoel Nilsen J, Vasseljen O. Manual therapy and exercise therapy in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized, controlled trial with 1-year follow-up. Spine. 2003;28:525-531.
  1. Schiller L. Effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy in the treatment of mechanical thoracic spine pain: a pilot randomized clinical trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2001;24:394-401.
  1. Koes BW, Assendelft WJ, van der Heijden GJ, et al. Spinal manipulation and mobilisation for back and neck pain: a blinded review. BMJ. 1991;303:1298-1303.
  1. Klein G, Kullich W. Reducing pain by oral enzyme therapy in rheumatic diseases [translated from German]. Wien Med Wochenschr. 1999;149:577-580.
  1. Jayson MIV, Sims-Williams H, Young S, et al. Mobilization and manipulation for low-back pain. Spine. 1981;6:409-416.
  1. Farrell JP, Twomey LT. Acute low back pain. Comparison of two conservative treatment approaches. Med J Aust. 1982;1:160-164.
  1. Dechow E, Davies RK, Carr AJ, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sclerosing injections in patients with chronic low back pain. Rheumatology (Oxford). 1999;38:1255-1259.
  1. Yelland MJ, Glasziou PP, Bogduk N, et al. Prolotherapy injections, saline injections, and exercises for chronic low-back pain: a randomized trial. Spine. 2004;29:9-16.
  1. Assendelft WJJ, Morton SC, Yu EI, et al. Spinal manipulative therapy for low back pain. A meta-analysis of effectiveness relative to other therapies. Ann Int Med. 2003;138:871-881.
  1. Ferreira ML, Ferreira PH, et al. Efficacy of spinal manipulative therapy for low back pain of less than three months' duration. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2003;26:593-601.
  1. Hoiriis KT, Pfleger B, McDuffie FC, et al. A randomized clinical trial comparing chiropractic adjustments to muscle relaxants for subacute low back pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004;27:388-398.
  1. Cherkin DC, Sherman KJ, Deyo RA, et al. A review of the evidence for the effectiveness, safety, and cost of acupuncture, massage therapy, and spinal manipulation for back pain. Ann Int Med. 2003;138:898-906.
  1. Kerr DP, Walsh DM, Baxter D. Acupuncture in the management of chronic low back pain: a blinded randomized controlled trial. Clin J Pain. 2003;19:364-370.
  1. Frerick H, Keitel W, Kuhn U. Topical treatment of chronic low back pain with a capsicum plaster. Pain. 2003;106:59-64.
  1. Licciardone JC, Stoll ST, Fulda KG, et al. Osteopathic manipulative treatment for chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Spine. 2003;28:1355-1362.
  1. Ernst E, Canter PH. The Alexander Technique: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2003;10:325-329.
  1. Santilli V, Beghi E, Finucci S. Chiropractic manipulation in the treatment of acute back pain and sciatica with disc protrusion: a randomized double-blind clinical trial of active and simulated spinal manipulations. Spine J. 2006;6:131-137
  1. Brinkhaus B, Witt CM, Jena S, et al. Acupuncture in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:450-457.
  1. Hsieh LL, Kuo CH, Lee LH, et al. Treatment of low back pain by acupressure and physical therapy: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2006 Feb 17. [Epub ahead of print]
  1. Hsieh LL, Kuo CH, Lee LH, et al. Treatment of low back pain by acupressure and physical therapy: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2006 Feb 17. [Epub ahead of print]
  1. Kucera M, Barna M, Horacek O, et al. Topical symphytum herb concentrate cream against myalgia: a randomized controlled double-blind clinical study. Adv Ther. 2005;22:681-692.
  1. Williams KA, Petronis J, Smith D, et al. Effect of Iyengar yoga therapy for chronic low back pain. Pain. 2005;115:107-117.
  1. Sherman KJ, Cherkin DC, Erro J, et al. Comparing yoga, exercise, and a self-care book for chronic low back pain. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:849-856.
  1. Hayden JA, van Tulder MW, Malmivaara A, et al. Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;CD000335.
  1. van Tulder MW, Koes B, Malmivaara A, et al. Outcome of non-invasive treatment modalities on back pain: an evidence-based review. Eur Spine J. 2005 Dec 1. [Epub ahead of print]
  1. Pittler MH, Karagulle MZ, Karagulle M, et al. Spa therapy and balneotherapy for treating low back pain: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006;45:880-884.
  1. Balogh Z, Ordogh J, Gasz A, et al. Effectiveness of balneotherapy in chronic low back pain—a randomized single-blind controlled follow-up study. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2005;12:196-201.
  1. Eisenberg DM, Post DE, Davis RB, et al. Addition of choice of complementary therapies to usual care for acute low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Spine. 2007;32:151-158.
  1. Morone NE, Greco CM, Weiner DK. Mindfulness meditation for the treatment of chronic low back pain in older adults: A randomized controlled pilot study. Pain. 2007 May 31. [Epub ahead of print]
  1. Khoromi S, Blackman MR, Kingman A, et al. Low intensity permanent magnets in the treatment of chronic lumbar radicular pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2007 Jul 6. [Epub ahead of print]
  1. Collacot EA, Zimmerman JT, White DW, et al. Bipolar permanent magnets for the treatment of chronic low back pain: a pilot study. JAMA. 2000;283:1322-1325.
  1. Haake M, Muller HH, Schade-Brittinger C, et al. German Acupuncture Trials (GERAC) for chronic low back pain: randomized, multicenter, blinded, parallel-group trial with 3 groups. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1892-1898.
  1. Yousefi-Nooraie R, Schonstein E, Heidari K, et al. Low level laser therapy for nonspecific low-back pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2008;(2):CD005107.
  1. Wilkey A, Gregory M, Byfield D, et al. A comparison between chiropractic management and pain clinic management for chronic low-back pain in a national health service outpatient clinic. J Altern Complement Med. 2008;14:465-473.
  1. Tekur P, Singphow C, Nagendra HR, et al. Effect of short-term intensive yoga program on pain, functional disability and spinal flexibility in chronic low back pain: a randomized control study. J Altern Complement Med. 2008;14:637-644.
  1. Juni P, Battaglia M, Nuesch E, et al. A randomised controlled trial of spinal manipulative therapy in acute low back pain. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 Sep 5.
  1. Furlan AD, Imamura M, Dryden T, Irvin E. Massage for low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;CD001929.
  1. Little P, Lewith G, Webley F, et al. Randomised controlled trial of Alexander technique lessons, exercise, and massage (ATEAM) for chronic and recurrent back pain. BMJ. 2008;337:a884.
  1. Yuan J, Purepong N, Kerr DP, et al. Effectiveness of acupuncture for low back pain: a systematic review. Spine. 2008;33:E887-900.
  1. Cherkin DC, Sherman KJ, AVins AL, et al. A randomized trial comparing acupuncture, simulated acupuncture, and usual care for chronic low back pain. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:858-866.
  1. Dagenais S, Yelland M, Del Mar C, Schoene M. Prolotherapy injections for chronic low back pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2007;2.
  1. Dagenais S, Mayer J, Haldeman S, Borg-Stein J. Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with prolotherapy. Spine J 2008 Jan-Feb;8(1):203-12.
... (more)

The human body was designed to use its physical capacities yet many of us have become sedentary. Not only does this have major effects on our weight and body mass index, but our muscles themselves, when unused, become weak and unable to function well. So, while decreasing strenuous exercise does have some benefits, such as reducing injuries, this decrease also presents major drawbacks.

Increasing strength and flexibility through exercise can be an extremely effective treatment for low back pain and sciatica.

... (more)

In one well-designed study, 2 months of chiropractic spinal manipulation and exercise therapy were studied, with chiropractic spinal manipulation proving to be marginally more effective than massage therapy.41

One study found that exercise (along with education) appears to enhance the effectiveness of massage when used as a treatment for low back pain and sciatica. In a review of 13 randomized trials, researchers concluded that massage may be effective for nonspecific low back pain, and the beneficial effects can last for up to 1 year in patients suffering from chronic pain.77

A subsequent controlled trial involving 579 patients with chronic or recurrent low back pain found that Alexander technique lessons, particularly when combined with exercise, was more effective than normal care or massage after one year.78

Both spinal manipulation and exercise have shown to help prolotherapy be more effective than control treatments.81

... (more)
In one well-designed study, 2 months of chiropractic spinal manipulation and exercise therapy were studied, with chiropractic spinal manipulation proving to be marginally more effective than massage therapy.41 One study found that exercise (along with education) appear to enhance the effectiveness of massage when used as a treatment for low back pain and sciatica. In a review of 13 randomized trials, researchers concluded that massage may be effective for nonspecific low back pain, and the beneficial effects can last for up to 1 year in patients suffering from chronic pain.77

A subsequent controlled trial involving 579 patients with chronic or recurrent low back pain found that Alexander technique lessons, particularly when combined with exercise, was more effective than normal care or massage after one year.78

Both spinal manipulation and exercise have shown to help prolotherapy be more effective than control treatments.81

so though The theory behind exercise for back pain and sciatica treatment is that the more flexible are the muscles in the back, the less pain the back will have. Also, when muscles that support back muscles are strong, the actual muscles in the back will not have to work as hard, and thus be less susceptible to pain. Though exercise hasn't been extensively studied individually for it's effectiveness as a treatment for low back pain and sciatica, it has been studied in conjunction with other therapies such as chiropractic care, massage, and prolotherapy.

... (more)

The theory behind exercise for back pain and sciatica treatment is that the more flexible are the muscles in the back, the less pain the back will have. Also, when muscles that support back muscles are strong, the actual muscles in the back will not have to work as hard, and thus be less susceptible to pain. Though exercise hasn't been extensively studied individually for it's effectiveness as a treatment for low back pain and sciatica, it has been studied in conjunction with other therapies such as chiropractic care, massage, and prolotherapy.

... (more)

In one well-designed study, 2 months of chiropractic spinal manipulation and exercise therapy were studied, with chiropractic spinal manipulation proving to be marginally more effective than massage therapy.41

One study found that exercise (along with education) appears to enhance the effectiveness of massage when used as a treatment for low back pain and sciatica. In a review of 13 randomized trials, researchers concluded that massage may be effective for nonspecific low back pain, and the beneficial effects can last for up to 1 year in patients suffering from chronic pain.77

A subsequent controlled trial involving 579 patients with chronic or recurrent low back pain found that Alexander technique lessons, particularly when combined with exercise, was more effective than normal care or massage after one year.78

Both spinal manipulation and exercise have shown to help prolotherapy be more effective than control treatments.81

... (more)

The theory behind exercise for back pain and sciatica treatment is that the more flexible are the muscles in the back, the less pain the back will have. Also, when muscles that support back muscles are strong, the actual muscles in the back will not have to work as hard, and thus be less susceptible to pain. Though exercise hasn't been extensively studied individually for it's effectiveness as a treatment for low back pain and sciatica, it has been studied in conjunction with other therapies such as chiropractic care, massage, and prolotherapy.

... (more)

Increasing one's level of exercise provides a wide variety of benefits. Besides enhancing strength and endurance and improving physical attractiveness, exercise is thought to enhance overall health as well as reduce symptoms in a number of specific ailments. However, while the many benefits of exercise appear self-evident, they can be quite difficult to prove in a scientific sense. The primary problem comes down to this: it is difficult, if not impossible, to design a double-blind study of exercise. Perhaps, however, proof in this way is not needed.

... (more)

Keeping good nutrition and having a regular exercise regime can, at times, help to keep cancer cells from developing and spreading. Therefore, if you are attempting to prevent cancer or to keep it from spreading, engaging in light to moderate exercise can help.

If you do indeed need to go through a procedure to help treat your cancer, once you are feeling better and have been given the okay by your doctor, start a moderate stretching and exercise program. This will help you have more energy throughout the day.

... (more)

Regular physical activity may also help to reduce anxiety. Some good options include brisk walking, swimming, and strength training.

In addition to altering brain chemicals (which are often involved in Generalized Anxiety Disorder) exercise can change other physiological and psychological factors as well: exercise can help relive stress, fight off free radicals, generally keep the body functioning well, and make you feel better about yourself. Plus, when approached moderately, there are few potential side effects, so try adding some regular physical activity into your routine - you may find that it helps you more than you had anticipated!

... (more)
Edited Depression and Exercise: Overview 14 years ago

Help improve this article. Become a contributercontributor!

Exercise can help relieve depression symptoms and related issues such as anxiety and stress. It can be helpful even in minor doses. Or in conjunction with medication or psychotherapy, exercise can improve depression symptoms. The tricky dynamic occurs when due to depression, you don't feel in the mood for exercise. Even small amounts of exercise can be very helpful in alleviating symptoms and preventing a relapse.

... (more)
Edited Depression and Exercise: Overview 14 years ago

Help improve this article. Become a contributor!

Exercise can help relieve depression symptoms and related issues such as anxiety and stress. It can be helpful even in minor doses. Or in conjunction with medication or psychotherapy, exercise can improve depression symptoms. The tricky dynamic occurs when due to depression, you don't feel in the mood for exercise. Even small amounts of exercise can be very helpful in alleviating symptoms and preventing a relapse.

... (more)
Edited Exercise Overview: Overview 14 years ago

This article discusses the possible health benefits of exercise and movement.

One of the most obvious differences between modern life and life in the past can be found in the level of exercise. For the majority of people living in developed countries today, heavy physical exercise does not occur as a part of ordinary daily life, but must be deliberately sought out. Compare this to most of human history, in which heavy daily exercise was a requirement for survival. Even among the upper classes in 19th century Europe—to judge by a scene in Charles Dickens Pickwick Papers—going for a 10 to 20 mile walk by way of recreation was not be out of the ordinary course of events.

The human body was designed to use its physical capacities. However, for many of us, life has become a sedentary affair, moving from couch via car to office cubicle. While decreasing strenuous exercise does have some benefits, such as reducing injuries, it also presents major drawbacks. Inadequate exercise is undoubtedly a major contributor to the current epidemic of obesity, which in turn leads to diabetes, heart disease, and osteoarthritis.

Conversely, increasing one's level of exercise provides a wide variety of benefits. Besides enhancing strength and endurance and improving physical attractiveness, exercise is thought to enhance overall health as well as reduce symptoms in a number of specific ailments. However, while the many benefits of exercise appear self-evident, they can be quite difficult to provein a scientific sense. The primary problem comes down to this: it is difficult, if not impossible, to design a double-blind study of exercise.

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, neither patients nor researchers know who is receiving a real treatment and who is receiving a placebo.

Consider the following scenario: A study (technically, an observational or epidemiological study) may note that people in a given population who exercise more develop heart disease at a lower rate than those who exercise less. From this, it is tempting to conclude causality: that exercise reduces heart disease risk. But such a conclusion might not be correct.

Observational studies only show association, not cause and effect. Studies of the type described above had long shown that women who used hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were less likely to develop heart disease. Furthermore, use of HRT was known to improve cholesterol profile. It seemed like a "slam-dunk" case. However, to researchers' surprise, when a giant double-blind study compared hormone replacement therapy against a placebo, the results showed that use of HRT actually increased heart disease risk.

It is now hypothesized that this apparent contradiction may be due to the fact that women who use HRT are generally of higher socioeconomic status than women who do not use HRT, and that it is this socioeconomic status, and not the HRT, that was responsible for the apparent benefits seen. Whatever the reason, it is now clear that HRT does not prevent heart disease, and that the conclusions drawn from observational studies were exactly backwards. Based on this, one must at least consider the possibility that people who engage in more exercise have other qualities that protect them from heart disease, and that it is these qualities, and not the exercise, that protects them. The problem here is that while it is possible to give a placebo that convincingly resembles HRT, it is difficult to conceive of a placebo form of exercise that patients and researchers wouldn't immediately identify as different from real exercise.

Besides observational studies, other forms of scientific research involving exercise remain similarly inadequate. For example, consider the numerous studies that have been taken as proving that exercise is helpful for depression . In these studies, people who are made to exercise improve to a greater extent than those who are not interfered with. However, this finding does not prove that exercise per se aids depression. It might be, for example, that simply being enrolled in a study and motivated to do anything at all might aid depression. (This suspicion is given further weight by findings that improvement in depression is not at all related to the intensity of the exercise done—if it were the exercise itself, one would think that more intense exercise would provide greater benefits.)

Double-blind, placebo-controlled studies eliminate all of these potential confounding factors, as well as many others. However, as noted above, it is not feasible to design a double-blind study in which people are unaware (“blind” to the fact ) that they are exercising. Therefore, all results regarding the potential benefits of exercise must be taken with a grain of salt.

... (more)
Edited Insomnia and Exercise: References 14 years ago

King, Abby C., Pruitt, Leslie A., Woo, Sandra, Castro, Cynthia M., Ahn, David K., Vitiello, Michael V., Woodward, Steven H., Bliwise, Donald L., Effects of Moderate-Intensity Exercise on Polysomnographic and Subjective Sleep Quality in Older Adults With Mild to Moderate Sleep Complaints, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2008 63: 997-1004

... (more)

Moderate exercises lasting 20 to 30 minutes, three to four times a week will give you more energy while helping you sleep better at night. Exercises should be done in the morning or afternoon, not close to bedtime.

... (more)

Research suggests that exercise may improve the sleep quality of adults. A study published in Journals of Gerontology shows that a moderate-intensity exercise program can improve sleep in older adults. For this study, researchers at Stanford University recruited sedentary adults, aged 55 or older, that were free of heart disease. The subjects had mild to moderate chronic sleep complaints. They were randomly assigned to a 12-month program of modrate-intensity endurance exercise or a health education program. The outcome was measured using polysomnographic sleep recordings, with additional measures of subjective sleep quality, physical activity, and physical fitness. Results show that the participants who were in the exercise program experienced greater improvements than the control group.

... (more)
Edited Insomnia and Exercise: Overview 14 years ago

People who exercise regularly generally have fewer episodes of insomnia. Exercise promotes physical and mental health in numerous ways.

... (more)

Experiences

Shared experience with Depression and Exercise 14 years ago

It's always helpful to get the endorphins (happy neurotransmitters) flowing through exercise...it can totally help elevate your mood!