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Neurofeedback Contributions by Olivia Cerf

Article Revisions

A large body of research has documented that depression is associated with an activation difference between the right and left prefrontal cortex. Neurofeedback trains the patient to voluntarily control these rhythms, leading to improved equilibrium between the two sides of the brain.

Neurofeedback has been found effective in changing brain function and producing significant improvements in clinical symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults who have several different biologic brain disorders. Positive outcomes have been supported by up to 10-year follow-up of patients. The conditions for which neurofeedback is the most promising include epilepsy, depression, ADD/ADHD, and various learning disabilities.

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Edited Neurofeedback Overview: Overview 12 years ago

Neurofeedback is a form of biofeedback which uses either electroencephalograms or functional MRIs to measure brain activity. Sensors are placed on the scalp to determine which types of waves the brain is producing and the ratio between the types of waves. There are many techniques of neurofeedback, also known as neurobiofeedback, neurotherapy, and EEG biofeedback. The basic structure is that brain activity is measured displayed on a monitor. The patient is given tasks like simple games or concentration challenges which affect the waves being produced. When brain waves change favorably, the patient hears a pleasing tone or other sensory reward.

Neurofeedback has been studied for the treatment of ADHD, epilepsy, autism, headaches, insomnia, anxiety, substance abuse, pain disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), concussion and other illnesses and disorders of the mind and body.

... (more)

There are few reported side effects for neurofeedback. Individuals with sensitive skin may experience minor irritation at the sensor sites on the scalp. There have been rare reported cases of emotional reactions such as anxiety and frustration, and physical ones such as fatigue, dizziness, and tingling during neurofeedback sessions.

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Neurofeedback is an interactive process of retraining the brain. It is still being studied and there is no consensus on how exactly it works. In the case of mental illnesses such as ADHD and depression, it is believed that achieving equilibrium between the brain's alpha and theta waves may be the reason that it is effective for reducing symptoms.

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There are few reported side effects for neurofeedback. Individuals with sensitive skin may experience minor irritation at the sensor sites on the scalp. There have been rare reported cases of emotional reactions such as anxiety and frustration, and physical ones such as fatigue, dizziness, and tingling during neurofeedback sessions.

... (more)
Edited ADHD and Neurofeedback: Overview 12 years ago

Neurofeedback is a form of biofeedback which uses either electroencephalograms or fMRIs to measure brain activity. Sensors are placed on the scalp in a noninvasive way to determine which types of waves the brain is producing and the ratio between the types of waves. There are many techniques of neurofeedback, also known as neurobiofeedback, neurotherapy, and EEG biofeedback. The basic structure is that brain activity is measured and displayed on a monitor. The patient is given tasks such as simple games or concentration challenges which affect the kinds of waves being produced. When brain waves change favorably, the patient hears a pleasing tone or other sensory reward.

Because only 60-75 % of ADHD cases respond to Ritalin treatment, and some parents and patients find the use of pharmaceutical treatment objectionable, it is important to study and develop alternative treatments of this common condition. Neurofeedback has been shown to have an effect comparable to Ritalin. 1 Neurofeedback has been studied for the treatment of ADHD, epilepsy, autism, headaches, insomnia, anxiety, substance abuse, pain disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), concussion and other illnesses and disorders of the mind and body.

... (more)
Edited Neurofeedback Overview: Overview 12 years ago

Neurofeedback is a form of biofeedback which uses either electroencephalograms or functional MRIs to measure brain activity. Sensors are placed on the scalp to determine which types of waves the brain is producing and the ratio between the types of waves. There are many techniques of neurofeedback, also known as neurobiofeedback, neurotherapy, and EEG biofeedback. The basic structure is that brain activity is measured displayed on a monitor. The patient is given tasks like simple games or concentration challenges which affect the waves being produced. When brain waves change favorably, the patient hears a pleasing tone or other sensory reward.

Neurofeedback has been studied for the treatment of ADHD, epilepsy, autism, headaches, insomnia, anxiety, substance abuse, pain disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), concussion and other illnesses and disorders of the mind and body.

... (more)
Edited ADHD and Neurofeedback: Overview 12 years ago

Neurofeedback is a form of biofeedback which uses either electroencephalograms or fMRIs to measure brain activity. Sensors are placed on the scalp in a noninvasive way to determine which types of waves the brain is producing and the ratio between the types of waves. There are many techniques of neurofeedback, also known as neurobiofeedback, neurotherapy, and EEG biofeedback. The basic structure is that brain activity is measured and displayed on a monitor. The patient is given tasks such as simple games or concentration challenges which affect the kinds of waves being produced. When brain waves change favorably, the patient hears a pleasing tone or other sensory reward.

Because only 60-75 % of ADHD cases respond to Ritalin treatment, and some parents and patients find the use of pharmaceutical treatment objectionable, it is important to study and develop alternative treatments of this common condition. Neurofeedback has been shown to have an effect comparable to Ritalin. 1 Neurofeedback has been studied for the treatment of ADHD, epilepsy, autism, headaches, insomnia, anxiety, substance abuse, pain disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), concussion and other illnesses and and behavioral disordersdisorders of the mind and body.

... (more)

A 2011 study compared the efficacy of methylphenidate (commonly known as Ritalin) and neurofeedback in the treatment of ADD/ADHD. Participants studied were 39 children with ADD/ADHD in three groups – one receiving methylphenidate, one receiving neurofeedback, and one receiving no treatment.

  • Inattention and hyperactivity were improved by both treatments.
  • Ritalin was found to be more effective than neurofeedback in improving the behavioral measures reported by parents in the SNAP IV behavioral questionnaire, one of the outcome measures of this study.
  • Response inhibition, i.e. the suppression of
inappropriate behavior
  • behavior that is inappropriate to the environment, was improved in this study only in the group receiving neurofeedback.
  • The average magnitude of the effect of treatment by all measures was greater in the methylphenidate group, but to such a slight degree that it was not statistically significant. 1

A series of six case studies found that of the six patients, five students measurably improved in parent/teacher report and/or objective data in congruence with neurofeedback treatment. This improvement seemed to be related to the ratio between theta and beta waves. Of the six, one

After 7-10 neurofeedback sessions,

  • One student was able to discontinue medication
after 7-10 sessions, and four
  • Four students reduced medication to half the original dosage.
Two
    • Of these four, two maintained consistent success in stabilization of medication reductions,
while two
    • Two with severe theta/beta ratios were inconsistent in measures and returned to two-thirds and original dosage levels. 2
... (more)

ADHD is a disorder of neural regulation. Neurofeedback training assumes that neural deficiencies are amenable to change using behavioral methods.

The information gathered by both the technician therapist and the patient during neurofeedback sessions supports understanding of how emotions, thoughts, and behavior affect physiological wellbeing. This allows the patient to exercise, strengthen, and regulate the central nervous system.

... (more)
Edited ADHD and Neurofeedback: Overview 12 years ago

Neurofeedback is a form of biofeedback which uses either electroencephalograms or functional MRIs fMRIs to measure brain activity. Sensors are placed on the scalp in a noninvasive way to determine which types of waves the brain is producing and the ratio between the types of waves. There are many techniques of neurofeedback, also known as neurobiofeedback, neurotherapy, and EEG biofeedback. The basic structure is that brain activity is measured and displayed on a monitor. The patient is given tasks like such as simple games or concentration challenges which affect the kinds of waves being produced. When brain waves change favorably, the patient hears a pleasing tone or other sensory reward.

Because only 60-75 % of ADHD cases respond to Ritalin treatment, and some parents and patients find the use of pharmaceutical treatment objectionable, it is important to study and develop alternative treatments of this common condition. Neurofeedback has been shown to have an effect comparable to Ritalin. 1 Neurofeedback has been studied for the treatment of ADHD, epilepsy, autism, headaches, insomnia, anxiety, substance abuse, pain disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), concussion and moreother illnesses and disorders of the mind and body.

... (more)

1 Nazari, Mohammad et al. “Effectiveness of EEG Biofeedback as Compared with Methylphenidate in the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Clinical Outcome Study,” Neuroscience & Medicine 2, (2011): 78-86. doi:10.4236/nm.2011.22012 .

2Warwick, Shannon. “Six Case Studies Examining the Effectiveness of a Comprehensive Adaptive Approach to Neurofeedback for Attention Deficit in an Educational Setting,” www.zengar.com, 2000-2011, http://www.zengar.com/research.

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A 2011 study compared the efficacy of methylphenidate (commonly known as Ritalin) and neurofeedback in the treatment of ADD/ADHD. Participants studied were 39 children with ADD/ADHD in three groups – one receiving methylphenidate, one receiving neurofeedback, and one receiving no treatment.

  • Inattention and hyperactivity were improved by both treatments.
  • Ritalin was found to be more effective than neurofeedback in improving the behavioral measures reported by parents in the SNAP IV behavioral questionnaire, one of the outcome measures of this study.
  • Response inhibition, i.e. the suppression of behavior that is inappropriate to the environment, was improved in this study only in the group receiving neurofeedback.
  • The average magnitude of the effect of treatment by all measures was greater in the methylphenidate group, but to such a slight degree that it was not statistically significant. 1

A series of six case studies found that of the six patients, five measurably improved in parent/teacher report and/or objective data in congruence with neurofeedback treatment. This improvement seemed to be related to the ratio between theta and beta waves.

After 7-10 neurofeedback sessions,

  • One student was able to discontinue medication
  • Four students reduced medication to half the original dosage.
    • Of these four, two maintained consistent success in stabilization of medication reductions,
    • Two with severe theta/beta ratios were inconsistent in measures and returned to two-thirds and original dosage levels. 2
... (more)

ADHD is a disorder of neural regulation. Neurofeedback training assumes that neural deficiencies are amenable to change using behavioral methods.

The information gathered by the therapist and the patient during neurofeedback sessions supports understanding of how emotions, thoughts, and behavior affect physiological wellbeing. This allows the patient to exercise, strengthen, and regulate the central nervous system.

... (more)
Edited ADHD and Neurofeedback: Overview 12 years ago

r Neurofeedback is a form of biofeedback which uses either electroencephalograms or fMRIs to measure brain activity. Sensors are placed on the scalp in a noninvasive way to determine which types of waves the brain is producing and the ratio between the types of waves. There are many techniques of neurofeedback, also known as neurobiofeedback, neurotherapy, and EEG biofeedback. The basic structure is that brain activity is measured and displayed on a monitor. The patient is given tasks such as simple games or concentration challenges which affect the kinds of waves being produced. When brain waves change favorably, the patient hears a pleasing tone or other sensory reward.

Because only 60-75 % of ADHD cases respond to Ritalin treatment, and some parents and patients find the use of pharmaceutical treatment objectionable, it is important to study and develop alternative treatments of this common condition. Neurofeedback has been shown to have an effect comparable to Ritalin. 1 Neurofeedback has been studied for the treatment of ADHD, epilepsy, autism, headaches, insomnia, anxiety, substance abuse, pain disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), concussion and other illnesses and disorders of the mind and body.

... (more)
Edited Neurofeedback Overview: Overview 12 years ago

Neurofeedback is a form of biofeedback which uses either electroencephalograms or functional MRIs to measure brain activity. Sensors are placed on the scalp to determine which types of waves the brain is producing and the ratio between the types of waves. There are many techniques of neurofeedback, also known as neurobiofeedback, neurotherapy, and EEG biofeedback. The basic structure is that brain activity is measured displayed on a monitor. The patient is given tasks like simple games or concentration challenges which affect the waves being produced. When brain waves change favorably, the patient hears a pleasing tone or other sensory reward.

Neurofeedback has been studied for the treatment of ADHD, epilepsy, autism, headaches, insomnia, anxiety, substance abuse, pain disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), concussion and other illnesses and disorders of the mind and body.

... (more)